between what they believe to be true and how they behave. Cognitive-emotive interventions are designed to help students see the link between what they think and how they feel. Children learn that what they believe about themselves, others, and their environment directly influences their behavior. Using rational-emotive techniques and interventions, troubled, angry, and acting-out students learn that controlling their thoughts is the way to emotional and behavioral self-control.
Irrational Beliefs
RET helps students understand the difference between a preference or a desire (e.g., "I would like to have that video game,") and a demand ("I must have that video game"). By turning their preferences into demands, students fall prey of their own irrational thinking, which according to the RET philosophy, is the source of all frustration, anger, and emotional disturbance. Ellis (in Ellis and Grieger, 1977), identifies the four basic forms of an irrational belief:
Basic Form 1: The child thinks someone or something should or must be different from the way it actually does exist.
Basic Form 2: The child finds it is awful, terrible, or horrible when it is this way.
Basic Form 3: The child thinks he cannot bear, stand, or tolerate the person or thing that should not be this way.
Basic Form 4: The child thinks that himself, or the other person, have made or keep making something terrible, and because of this (the child or the other person) deserves condemnation and does not deserve anything good in life. Consequently, the child gives himself or the other person a negative label like lousy, jerk, or rotten.
Ellis defines irrationality as any thought, emotion, or behavior that leads to self-defeating or self-destructive consequences. Irrational thinking interferes with the ability to get along well with others. According to RET, irrational thinking stems from:
-Demands like must and must not; should and should not. We make a demand when we believe and consider an obligation that the world, other people, or both world and other people are different. Examples would be,
---The world should be fair and just.
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